S2API

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S2API is a tag/value-based API which is a proposal for version 3.3 of the LinuxDVB API, adding support for new digital media transmission standards including DVB-S2 and ISDB-T, and creating a way to allow easier support of future transmission standards. It is currently under rapid development with the intention of merging it into the Linux kernel soon.

Introduction

Following long standing frustration amongst developers and users about the lack of progress in getting multiproto into the Linux kernel, a group of four senior developers including the maintainer has proposed an alternative (Aug 29 2008) and announced that they no longer support multiproto. See http://linuxtv.org/pipermail/linux-dvb/2008-August/028313.html. The idea had been proposed earlier http://linuxtv.org/pipermail/linux-dvb/2007-November/021618.html. See also http://article.gmane.org/gmane.linux.drivers.dvb/36643.

Technically it is quite different from multiproto. Control of the frontend is implemented using a command sequence of (tag,value) pairs to set all the required parameters and then initiate tuning. Thus it no longer depends on fixed structs to hold parameter data.

A notable advantage of the tag/value technique is that it should make it much easier to keep up with future digital media transmission standards because this will at most require the definition of additional tags (i.e. parameters) rather than a revision of the API. Transmission standards continue to multiply: some developers (and many consumers) already have hardware using standards unsupported by multiproto, such as ISDB-T and DMB-T/H. Other standards are due to go live fairly soon, e.g. DVB-T2 (Nov 2009 in UK).

A typical example of a (tag,value) pair which sets a parameter is (DTV_FREQUENCY, 11954 MHz). A tuning command sequence would typically include a full set of tuning parameters, LNB voltage and tone, and a "do tune" command. Sequences of commands may be made atomic by passing the whole command sequence in a single ioctl (for example a set of parameters followed by the tune command). Alternatively a sequence may be sent one command at a time. S2API thus offers an extra degree of flexibility over a multiproto-style approach, and the better application-to-driver communication could potentially be exploited for more advanced application functionality in in the future.

The development repository is at http://linuxtv.org/hg/~stoth/s2 and tuning applications are here http://www.steventoth.net/linux/s2/ and here http://liplianindvb.sourceforge.net/cgi-bin/hgwebdir.cgi/szap-s2/archive/tip.tar.gz. Work is progressing well on the finalization of the API design and porting of existing DVB-S2 drivers to work with it. Older drivers not requiring the new features can remain unchanged. Device support in the tree now includes the

Patches ready for inclusion in tree

  • Multiple frontend support (for example HVR4000 DVB-S/S2 + DVB-T)

The HVR4000 and the S460 have both been tested successfully using the new API, see this thread http://linuxtv.org/pipermail/linux-dvb/2008-September/028544.html.

Driver code is largely independent of the API used, and hooking up an existing driver to work with a different API is quite simple (much easier than writing the driver in the first place), so this can be expected to progress rapidly. Similarly, for application code (e.g. Kaffeine, MythTV or VDR) the number of lines of code required to tune to a channel is small, and can easily be changed for a different API. For these reasons the selection of the best API may be considered independently from the available ported drivers and applications. If S2API is chosen, the existing multiproto drivers will not be lost -- with simple modifications they will become S2API drivers.

DiSEqC equipment control is unchanged in both S2API and multiproto APIs.

Code review and merge

Code review round 1 is summarized here http://linuxtv.org/pipermail/linux-dvb/2008-September/028658.html. The quality and quantity of technical feedback from developers are encouraging. Some developers have contributed patches for new features and bug fixes. A number of the suggested changes have been incorporated and published for code review round 2. Status report here http://linuxtv.org/pipermail/linux-dvb/2008-September/028731.html.

S2API will be reviewed at the Linux Plumbers' Conference in Portland, Oregon, Wed 17th - Fri 19th September 2008: http://linuxplumbersconf.org/program/microconfs/getmc.php?mc=chehab08.

The brief merge window for kernel 2.6.28 will open when 2.6.27 is released, likely in early October. So the work needs to be ready in good time for that. See http://www.linuxfoundation.org/en/Linux_Weather_Forecast. Release candidate 2.6.27-rc6 is now available (http://lkml.org).